MATH20411 - 2007/2008
- Title: Partial Differential Equations and Vector Calculus
- Unit code: MATH20411
- Credit rating: 10
- Level: 2
- Pre-requisite units: MATH10121 or MATH10131, MATH10222 or MATH10232
- Co-requisite units:
- School responsible: Mathematics
- Members of staff responsible: Dr. Catherine Powell
Unit specification
Aims
This course introduces students to analytical and numerical methods for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) and builds on the first year core applied mathematics courses to develop more advanced ideas in differential and integral calculus.
Brief description
The main topics to be explored are: Fourier series, partial differential equations, analytical and numerical methods for solving classical PDEs (Laplace's equation and the heat and wave equations) and several topics in vector calculus, including surface and volume integrals. The course covers similar material to MATH20401 but contains a reduced range of topics and with fewer details, where appropriate. The methods employed in the course will prove essential for all of the applied mathematics and numerical analysis options in the remaining semesters of the Joint Honours BSc and MMath degree programmes.
Intended learning outcomes
On completion of this unit successful students will be able to:
- convert Cartesian coordinates into cylindrical and spherical coordinates and sketch surfaces expressed in all of these coordinate systems;
- perform partial differentiation of functions of more than one variable and interpret these derivatives physically;
- recognise classical PDEs describing physical processes such as heat diffusion;
- interpret boundary and initial conditions physically;
- understand the basic concept of orthogonal functions;
- compute Fourier series, Fourier sine series and Fourier cosine series of some piecewise continuous functions;
- classify second-order PDEs as being either elliptic, hyperbolic or parabolic;
- solve, analytically, via the method of separation of variables, the heat and wave equations (in one space variable) and Laplace's equation (in two space variables), on rectangular and circular domains;
- solve, numerically, via finite difference schemes, the heat equation in one space variable;
- solve, numerically, convection-diffusion equations using upwind finite differencing;
- compute elements of surface and volume in different coordinate systems;
- evaluate line, surface and volume integrals over a range of domains, using transformations to other coordinate systems where appropriate;
- understand grad, div and curl operator notation and relate some key identities to physical properties of vector fields;
- understand, and interpret physically, the classical Divergence, Green's and Stokes' theorems.
Future topics requiring this course unit
The material in this course unit is essential for all applied mathematics options in subsequent semesters.
Syllabus
- Introductory material. [3 lectures]
Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates. Functions of several variables, surfaces. Partial derivatives, chain rule. Partial differential equations, boundary and initial conditions. Integrals of functions of several variables. - Fourier series. [4 lectures]
Orthogonality. Fourier series and Fourier coefficients. Periodic, even and odd functions. Fourier's theorem. Fourier sine and cosine series. - Partial Differential Equations. [2 lectures]
Linearity, homogeneity and order of PDEs. Classification of second-order equations. Introduction to the classical equations: Laplace's, heat and wave equations. PDEs reducible to ODEs. - Analytical Solution of PDEs. [4 lectures]
The method of separation of variables. Solving, exactly, initial-value problems for the heat and wave equations. Eigenfunction series and normal modes. Solving Laplace's equation in both Cartesian and plane polar co-ordinates. Applications to heat conduction and electrostatics. - Numerical Solution of PDEs. [4 lectures]
Solving, approximately, reaction-diffusion and convection-diffusion equations (ODEs).
Solving, approximately, the heat equation in one space variable (PDE). Explicit and implicit numerical schemes. - Vector Calculus. [5 lectures]
Surfaces, unit vectors, elements of surface/volume. Line, surface and volume integrals. Scalar and vector fields: differential and integral calculus. Grad, div and curl operators and related identities. Classical theorems: Divergence, Green's and Stokes' theorems.